UNDER CONSTRAINT – Charles Spurgeon
The Power of Christ’s Love
“For the love of Christ constrains us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead.” – 2 Corinthians 5:14
The apostle and his brethren were unselfish in all that they did. He could say of himself and his brethren that when they varied their modes of action, they always had the same objective in view. They lived only to promote the cause of Christ and to bless the souls of men. He says, “Whether we are beside ourselves, it is to God; or whether we are sober, it is for your cause.”
Some may have said that Paul was too excitable and expressed himself too strongly. “Well,” he said, “if it is so, it is to God.” Others may have noticed the reasoning faculty to be exceedingly strong in Paul and may have thought him to be too coolly argumentative. “But,” said Paul, “if we are sober, it is for your cause.” Viewed from some points, the apostle and his co-laborers must have appeared to be raving fanatics, engaged upon a Quixotic enterprise and almost, if not quite, out of their minds.
One who had heard the apostle tell the story of his conversion exclaimed, “Paul, you are beside yourself; much learning does make you mad,” and no doubt many who saw the singular change in his conduct, and knew what he had given up and what he endured for his new faith, had come to the same conclusion. Paul would not be at all offended by this judgment, for he would remember that his Lord and Master had been charged with madness, and that even our Lord’s relatives had said, “He is beside Himself.” To Festus he had replied, “I am not mad, most noble Festus; but speak forth the words of truth and soberness.” And to Corinthian objectors, he gave a still fuller reply.
Zeal for the Cause of Christ
Blessed are they who are charged with being out of their mind through zeal for the cause of Jesus. They have a more than sufficient answer when they can say, “If we are beside ourselves, it is to God.” It is no unusual thing for madmen to think others mad, and no strange thing for a mad world to accuse the only morally sane among men of being fools and lunatics. But wisdom is justified of her children.
If others assailed the apostle with another charge and insinuated that there was a method in his madness, that his being all things to all men showed an excess of prudence, and was no doubt a means to an end, which end it is possible they hinted at, was a desire for power, he could reply most conclusively, “If we are sober, it is for your cause.” Paul had acted so unselfishly that he could appeal to the Corinthian church and ask them to bear him witness that he sought not theirs but them.
The Unwavering Purpose of a Christian
And that if he had judged their disorders with great sobriety, it was for their cause. Whatever he did, or felt, or suffered, or spoke, he had but one design in it, and that was the glory of God in the perfecting of believers and the salvation of sinners. Every Christian minister ought to be able to use the apostle’s words without the slightest reserve. Yes, and every Christian should be able to say the same—“If I am excited, it is in defense of the truth. If I am sober, it is for the maintenance of holiness. If I seem extravagant, it is because the name of Jesus stirs my inmost soul. And if I am moderate in spirit and thoughtful in mood, it is that I may in the wisest manner subserve the interests of my Redeemer’s kingdom.”
Living with One Sacred Purpose
God grant that weeping or singing, anxious or hopeful, victorious or defeated, increasing or decreasing, elevated or depressed, we may still follow our one design and devote ourselves to the holy cause. May we live to see churches made up of people who are all set on one thing, and may those churches have ministers who are fit to lead such a people because they also are mastered by the same sacred purpose.
May the fire which fell of old on Carmel fall on our altar, whereon lies the sacrifice, wetted a second and a third time from the salt sea of the world, until it shall consume the burnt sacrifice and the wood, the stones, and the dust, and lick up the water that is in the trench. Then will all the people see it and fall upon their faces, and cry, “The Lord, He is God. The Lord, He is God.”
The Force of Christ’s Love
The apostle now goes on to tell us why it was that the whole conduct of himself and his co-laborers tended to one end and objective. He says, “The love of Christ constrains us, because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then the all died.” I give you here as exact a translation as I can. Two things I shall note in the text—first, under constraint, secondly, under constraint which his understanding justified.
Under the Constraint of Love
I. Our main point will come under the head, “UNDER CONSTRAINT.” Here is the apostle, a man who was born free, a man who beyond all others enjoyed the greatest spiritual liberty, glorying that he is under constraint. He was under constraint because a great force held him under its power. “The love of Christ constrains us.”
I suppose “constrains us” is about the best rendering of the passage that could be given, but it might be translated, “restrains.” The love of Christ restrains true believers from self-seeking and forbids them to pursue any objective but the highest. Whether they were beside themselves or sober, the early saints yielded to divine restraint, even as a good ship answers to her helm or as a horse obeys the rein. They were not without a restraining force to prevent the slightest subjection to impure motives.
The Power of Divine Love
The love of Christ controlled them and held them under its power. But the word, “restrained,” only expresses a part of the sense, for it means that he was, “coerced or pressed,” and so impelled forward as one carried along by pressure. All around him, the love of Christ pressed upon him as the water in a river presses upon a swimmer and bears him onward with its stream. Bengel, who is a great authority, reads it, “Keeps us employed,” for we are led to diligence, urged to zeal, maintained in perseverance, and carried forward and onward by the love of Jesus Christ.
Divine Energy Driving Us Forward
The apostles labored much, but all their labor sprang from the impulse of the love of Jesus Christ. Just as Jacob toiled for Rachel solely out of love to her, so do true saints serve the Lord Jesus under the omnipotent constraint of love. One eminent expositor reads the word, “constrains us,” as though it signified that the Lord’s servants were kept together and held as a band under a banner or standard.
Love as the Rallying Force
And he very appropriately refers to the words of the church in the Song of Songs, “His banner over me was love.” As soldiers are held together by rallying to the standard, so are the saints kept to the work and service of their Lord by the love of Christ, which constrains them to endure all things for the elect’s sake, and for the glory of God, and like an ensign, is lifted high as the center and loadstone of all their energies.
In our Lord’s love, we have the best motive for loyalty, the best reason for energy, and the best argument for perseverance. The word may also signify “compressed,” and then it would mean that all their energies were pressed into one channel and made to move by the love of Christ.
The Growing Force of Love
Can I put restraint and constraint, and all the rest into one by grouping them in a figure? I think I can. When a flood is spread over an expanse of meadow land and stands in shallow pools, men restrain it by damming it up, and they constrain it to keep to one channel by banking it in. Thus compressed, it becomes a stream and moves with force in one direction. See how it quickens its pace. See what strength it gathers.
A River of Love Moving Forward
It turns yonder wheel of the mill, makes a sheep wash, leaps as a waterfall, and runs laughing through a village as a brook where the cattle stand in the summer’s sun. Growing all the while, it develops into a river, bearing boats and little ships. And this done, it still increases and stays not till it flows with mighty flood into the great sea.
The love of Christ had pressed Paul’s energies into one force, turned them into one channel, and then driven them forward with a wonderful force, till he and his fellows had become a mighty power for good, always active and energetic. “The love of Christ,” he says, “constrains us.”
The Constraint of True Purpose
All great lives have been under the constraint of some mastering principle. A man, who is everything by turns and nothing long, is nobody. A man who wastes life on whims and fancies, leisure and pleasures, never achieves anything. He flits over the surface of life and leaves no more trace upon his age than a bird upon the sky.
But a man, even for mischief, becomes great when he becomes concentrated. What made the young prince of Macedon, Alexander the Great, but the absorption of his whole mind in the desire for conquest? The man was never happy when he was at ease and in peace. His best days were spent on the battlefield or on the march.
The Power of Single-Mindedness
Let him rush to the front of the battle and make the common soldier grow into a hero by observing the desperate valor of his king, and then you see the greatness of the man. He could never have been the conqueror of the world if the insatiable greed of conquest had not constrained him.
From this come your Caesars and your Napoleons—they are whole men in their ambition, subject to the lust of dominion. When you carry this thought into a better and holier sphere, the same fact is clear. Howard could never have been the great philanthropist if he had not been strangely under the witchery of love to prisoners.
Unyielding Devotion to a Higher Cause
He was happier in a hospital or in a prison than he would have been at Court or on the sofa of the drawing room. The man could not help visiting jails, he was a captive to his sympathy for men in bondage, and so he spent his life in seeking their good.
Look at such a man as Whitfield or his associate, Wesley. Those men had but one thought and that was to win souls for Christ. Their whole being ran into the one riverbed of zeal for God and made them full and strong as the rushing Rhone. It was their rest to labor for Christ. It was their honor to be pelted while preaching and to be maligned for the name of Jesus.
The Power of Christ’s Love in Action
A bishopric and a seat in the House of Lords would have been the death of them. Even a throne would have been a rack if they must have ceased hunting for souls. The men were under the dominion of a passion which they could not withstand and did not wish to weaken. They could sing:
“The love of Christ does me constrain To seek the wandering souls of men! With cries, entreaties, tears, to save, To snatch them from the fiery wave.”
Their whole life, being, thought, faculty, spirit, soul, and body became one and indivisible in purpose. And their sanctified manhood was driven forward irresistibly, so that they might be likened to thunderbolts flung from the eternal hand which must go forward till their end is reached.
The Freedom in Christ’s Love
They could no more cease to preach than the sun could cease shining or reverse his course in the heavens. Now, this kind of constraint implies no compulsion and involves no bondage. It is the highest order of freedom, for when a man does exactly what he likes to do, if he wants to express the enthusiastic joy and delight with which he follows his pursuit, he generally uses language similar to that of my text. “Why,” he says, “I am engrossed by my favorite study. It quite enthralls me. I cannot resist its charms; it holds me beneath its spell.”
Is the man any the less free? If a man gives himself up to a science or to some other pursuit, though he is perfectly free to leave it whenever he likes, he will commonly declare that he cannot leave it. It has such a hold upon him that he addicts himself to it. You must not think therefore, that when we speak of being under constraint from the love of Christ we mean by it that we have ceased to exercise our wills, or to be voluntary agents in our service. Far from it, we acknowledge that we are never as free as when we are under bonds to Christ. No, our God does not constrain us by physical force. His cords are those of love and His bands are those of a man. The constraint is that which we are glad to feel. We give full assent to its pressure, and therein lies its power.
The Power of Christ’s Love
We rejoice to admit that, “The love of Christ constrains us!” We only wish the constraint would increase every day. We have seen that Paul had a great force holding him. We advance a step further and note that the constraining force was the love of Christ. He does not speak of his love to Christ, which was a great power too, though secondary to the first. But he is content to mention the greater, for it includes the less—“The love of Christ constrains us,” that is, Christ’s love to us is the master force. And O, brethren, this is a power to which it is joy to submit.
The Incomprehensible Love of Christ
This is a force worthy to command the greatest minds, “The love of Christ.” Who shall measure this omnipotent force? That love, according to our text, is strongest when seen in His dying for men. Mark the context, “because we thus judge, that if one died for all.” The peculiar display of the love of Christ which had supreme sway over Paul was the love revealed in His substitutionary death.
Christ’s Love Revealed Through His Death
Think of it a moment. Christ the ever-blessed, to whom no pain, nor suffering, nor shame could come, loved men. O singularity of love! He loves guilty men, yes, loves His enemies! Loving poor fallen men, He took their nature and became a man. Marvelous condescension! The Son of God is also Son of Mary, and being found in fashion as a man, He humbles Himself and is made of no reputation.
The Magnitude of Christ’s Love
See Him taken before human judges and unjustly condemned! Seized by Roman lictors and lashed with the scourge! Gazing a little longer, you see Him nailed to a cross, hung up for a felon, left amid jeer and jibe and cruel glance and malicious speech to bleed away His life, till He is actually dead and laid in the grave. At the back of all this there is the mystery that He was not only dying, but dying in the place of others, bearing almighty wrath, enduring that dread sentence of death which is attached to human sin.
Christ’s Love is Incomparable
Herein is love indeed, that the infinitely pure should suffer for the sinful, the just for the unjust, to bring us to God. Love did never climb to so sublime a height as when it brought Jesus to the bloody tree to bear the dread sentence of inexorable law. Think of this love, beloved, till you feel its constraining influence.
The Love of Christ Drives Us Forward
It was love eternal, for long before the earth was fashioned, the eternal Word had set His eye upon His people and their names were engraved on His heart. It was love unselfish, for He had nothing to gain from His redeemed. There were harps enough in heaven and songs enough in the celestial city without their music. It was love most free and spontaneous, for no man sought it or so much as dreamed of it. It was love most persevering, for when man was born into the world and sinned and rejected Christ, and He came to His own and His own received Him not, He loved them still, loved them even to the end.
The Power of Christ’s Love in Our Lives
It was love—what shall I say of it? If I were to multiply words I might rather sink your thoughts than raise them. It was love infinite, immeasurable, and inconceivable! It surpasses the love of women, though the love of mothers is strong as death and jealousy is cruel as the grave. It passes the love of martyrs, though that love has triumphed over the fury of the flame.
The Love of Christ Constrains Us
All other lights of love pale in their ineffectual brightness before this blazing sun of love, whose warmth a man may feel but upon whose utmost light no eye can gaze. He loved us like a God. It was nothing less than God’s own love which burned within that breast, which was bared to the spear that it might redeem us from going down into the pit. It is this force then, which has taken possession of the Christian’s mind and, as Paul says, “constrains us.”
Conclusion: The Love of Christ in Us
Now we may advance another step and say that the love of Christ operates upon us by begetting in us love to Him. Brethren, beloved, I know you love our Lord Jesus Christ, for all His people love Him. “We love Him because He first loved us.” But what shall I say? There are scarcely any themes upon which I feel less able to speak than these two—the love of Christ to us and our love to Him, because somehow love needs a tongue elsewhere than this which dwells in the mouth.
This tongue is in the head and it can therefore tell out our thoughts—but we need a tongue in the heart to tell out our emotions, which have now to borrow utterance from the brain’s defective orator. There is a long space between the cool brain and the blazing heart, and matters cool on the road to the tongue, so that the burning heart grows weary of chill words. But oh, we love Jesus.
The Depth of Our Love for Christ
Brothers and sisters, we truly love Him. His name is sweet as the honeycomb and His Word is precious as the gold of Ophir. His person is very dear to us— from His head to His feet He is altogether lovely. When we get near Him and see Him at the last, I think we shall swoon away with excess of joy at the sight of Him and I for one ask no heaven beyond a sight of Him and a sense of His love. I do not doubt that we shall enjoy all the harmonies, all the honors and all the fellowships of heaven, but if they were all blotted out, I do not know that they would make any considerable difference to us, if we may but see our Lord upon His throne, and have His own prayer fulfilled, “Father, I will that they, also, whom You have given Me be with Me where I am, that they may behold My glory.”
Our Ultimate Desire: Christ Alone
He is happiness to us, yes, He is all in all. Do you not feel that the sweetest sermons you ever hear are those which are fullest of Him? When I can sometimes hear a sermon, it sickens me to listen to fine attempts to philosophize away the gospel, or to pretty essays which are best described as a jingle of elegant words. But I can hear with rapture the most illiterate and blundering brother if his heart burns within him and he heartily speaks of my Lord, the Well-beloved of my soul.
We are glad to be in the place of assembly when Jesus is within, for whether on Tabor with two or three, or in the congregation of the faithful, when Jesus is present it is good to be there. This joyful feeling, when you hear about Jesus, shows that you love Him and your endeavors to spread the gospel show that you love His cause. The love of Christ to you has moved you to desire the coming of His kingdom and you feel that you could give your life to extend the borders of His dominions, for He is a glorious King and the entire world should know it.
Our Mission and Passion for Christ
Oh that we could see all the nations bowing before His scepter of peace. We love Him so much that till the whole earth smiles in the light of His throne, we can never rest. As to His truth, a very great part of our love to Christ will show itself by attachment to the pure gospel. I have not much patience with a certain class of Christians nowadays, who will hear anybody preach so long as they can say, “He is very clever, a fine preacher, a man of genius, a born orator.”
The Practical Love of Christ
His love to you must be reflected in your love to the lowest and vilest. He is your sun; be you as the moon to the world’s night. The love of Jesus Christ was a practical love. He did not love in thought only and in word, but in deed and in truth. And if the love of Christ constrains us, we shall throw our souls into the work and service of love. We shall be truly at work for men, giving alms of our substance, enduring our measure of suffering, and making it clear that our Christianity is not mere talk, but downright work.
We shall be like the bullock of the burnt offering, laid upon the altar to be wholly consumed. We shall consider nothing but how we can most completely be eaten up with the zeal of God’s house, how, without the reserve of one single faculty, we may be entirely consumed in the service of our Lord and Master. May the Lord bring us to this.
The Apostle’s Understanding of the Constraint
II. THE CONSTRAINT OF WHICH WE HAVE SPOKEN WAS JUSTIFIED BY THE APOSTLE’S UNDERSTANDING. “The love of Christ constrains us; because we thus judge.” Love is blind. A man may say that in the affairs of love, he exercises a calm discretion, but I take leave to doubt it. In love to Christ, however, you may be carried right away and be as blind as you like, and yet you shall act according to the soundest judgment.
The apostle says warmly, “The love of Christ constrains us,” and yet he adds with all coolness, “because we thus judge.” When understanding is the basis of affection, then a man’s heart is fixed, and his conduct becomes in a high degree exemplary. So it is here. There is a firm basis of judgment—the man has weighed and judged the matter as much as if the heart were out of the question. But the logical conclusion is one of all-absorbing emotion and mastering affection as much as if the understanding had been left out of the question.
Understanding and Affection Working Together
His judgment was as the bronze altar, cold and hard, but on it, he laid the coals of burning affection, vehement enough in their flame to consume everything. So it ought to be with us. Religion should be with a man a matter of intellect as well as affection, and his understanding should always be able to justify the strongest possible passion of his soul, as the apostle says it did in the case of himself and his brethren. They had reasons for all that they did.
The Doctrine of Substitution
For, first, he recognized substitution—“We thus judge, that if one died for all.” O brethren, this is the very sinew of Christian effort—Christ died in the sinner’s place. Christ is the surety, the sacrifice, the substitute for men. If you take the doctrine of vicarious sacrifice out of the Christian religion, I protest that nothing is left worth calling a revelation. It is the heart, the head, the bowels, the soul, the essence of our holy faith—that the Lord has laid on Him the iniquity of us all and with His stripes we are healed.
The Power of Christ’s Substitutionary Death
The apostle firmly believed this to be a matter of fact and then out of his belief there grew an intense love to Jesus, as well there might. Did Jesus stand in my place? Oh, how I love Him. Did He die for me? Then His love has mastered me and will always hold me as its willing captive. O sacred Substitute, I am Yours and all that I have.
Union with Christ
In the next place, he recognized union with Christ, for he said, “If one died for all, then the all died.” For so it runs, that is to say, the all for whom Christ died, died in His death. His dying in their place was their dying. He dies for them, they die in Him. He rises, they rise in Him. He lives, they live in Him. Now if it is really so, that you and I who have believed in Christ are one with Christ and members of His body, that truth may be stated coolly, but like the flint, it conceals a fire within it.
For if we died in Jesus, we are dead to the world, to self, to everything but our Lord. O Holy Spirit, work in us this death even to the fullest.
The Consequences of Union with Christ
The apostle recognizes the natural consequence of union with the dying Lord and resolves to carry it out. Brethren, when Adam sinned, we sinned, and we have felt the result of that fact. We were constituted sinners by the act of our first representative, and every day we see it to be so. Every little child that is carried to the grave bears witness that death passes upon all men, for that all have sinned in Adam, even though they have not personally sinned after the similitude of his transgression.
Living for Christ Alone
Now, just as our sin in Adam effectively operates upon us for evil, so must our death with Christ effectively operate upon our lives for good. It ought to do so. How can I live for myself? I died more than 18 centuries ago. I died and was buried, how can I live to the world? Eighteen hundred years ago and more, the world hung me up as a malefactor. Yes, and in my heart of hearts, I have also crucified the world, and regard it as a dead malefactor.
How shall I fall in love with a crucified world, or follow after its delights? We thus died with Christ. “Now,” says the apostle, “the love of Christ constrains us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then the all died.” All who were in Christ, for whom He died, died when He died. And what follows from it but that they should not live unto themselves, but unto Him that died for them and rose again?
The Christian’s Duty to Live for Christ
We are one with Christ, and what He did for us we did in Him, and therefore we are dead because He died. Therefore we ought no longer to live in the old selfish way, but should live only to the Lord. This is the basis upon which the intellect rests, and then the affections yield themselves to the sacred force of Jesus’ dying love.
Reflections on Living for Christ
I close with the following reflections, putting them very briefly. The first reflection is—how different is the inference of the apostle from that of many professors. They say, “If Christ died once for all and so finished the work of my salvation, then I am saved and may sit down in comfort and enjoy myself, for there is no need for effort or thought.”
Ah, what a mercy to feel that you are saved and then to go to sleep in the corner of your pew. A converted man and therefore curled up upon the bed of sloth! A pretty sight surely, but a very common one. Such people have but little or no feeling for others who remain unconverted. “The Lord will save His own,” they say, and they little care whether He does so or not.
The Misinterpretation of Salvation
They appear to be dreadfully afraid of doing God’s work, though there is not the slightest need for such a fear, since they will not even do their own work. These are presumptuous persons, strangers to the grace of God, who know not that the main part of salvation lies in our being saved from selfishness and hardness of heart. It is the devil’s inference that because Christ did so much for me, I am now to do nothing for Him.
I must even beg the devil’s pardon, for I scarcely think that even he is base enough to draw such an inference from the grace of God. Assuredly he has never been in a position to attempt so detestable a crime. It is to the last degree unutterably contemptible that a man who is indebted to the Lord Jesus Christ for so much should then make the only consequence of his indebtedness to be a selfish indolence. Never will a true child of God say, “Soul, take your ease. You are all right—nothing else matters!”
True Christian Living
How much more ennobling, again, is such conduct as that of the apostle than that of many professed Christians? I am not about to judge anyone, but I would beg you to judge yourselves. There are some and I would try to hope that they may be Christians—the Lord knows them that are His—who do give to the cause of God, who do serve God after a fashion. But still, the main thought of their life is not Christ nor His service, but the gaining of wealth. That is their chief objective and towards it all their faculties are bent.
The Apostle’s Example
There are other church members—God forbid we should judge them—whose great thought is success in their profession. I am not condemning their having such a thought, but the chief ambition of the apostle and of those like he was not this, but something higher. The chief aim of all of us should be nothing of self, but serving Christ. We are to be dead to everything but our Lord’s glory, living with this mark before us, this prize to be strained after, that Christ shall be glorified in our mortal bodies. In our business, in our studies, in everything, our motto must be, Christ, Christ, Christ.
Living a Life Worthy of Christ
Now, is it not a far nobler thing for a man to have lived wholly unto Christ than for mammon, or honor, or for himself in any shape? I speak as to wise men, you judge what I say. Do you not think also, that such a pursuit as this is much more peace-giving to the spirit? People will judge our conduct and they are sure to judge as severely as they can. If they see us zealous and self-denying, they will say of us, “Why, the man is beside himself.” This will not matter much to us if we can reply, “It is for God.”
Or if they say, “Oh, you old sober sides, how grave you are,” we shall not be offended if we can reply, “Ah, but it is for the good of others that I am sober.” You will be very little distressed by sharp criticisms if you know that your motive is wholly unselfish. If you live for Christ, and for Christ alone, all the criticisms of men or devils will never cast you down.
A Life Worth Living for Christ
Do you not think that a life spent for Jesus only is far more worth looking back upon at the last than any other? If you call yourselves Christians, how will you judge a life spent in making money? It cannot be very much longer before you must gather up your feet in the bed and resign your soul to God. Now, suppose yourself sitting in your chamber all alone, making out the final balance-sheet of your stewardship, how will it look if you have to confess, “I have been a Christian professor. My conduct has been outwardly decent and respectable, but my chief purpose was not my Master’s glory. I have lived with the view of scraping together so many thousands and I have done it.”
The True Reflection of a Christian Life
Would you like to fall asleep and die with that as the consummation of your life? Or shall it be, “I have lived to hold up my head in society and pay my way and leave a little for my family”? Will that satisfy you as your last reflection? Brethren, we are not saved by our works, but I am speaking now upon the consolation which a man can derive from looking back upon his life.
Suppose he shall have felt the power of my text and shall be able to say, “I have been enabled by the grace of God, to which I give all the glory, to consecrate my entire being to the entire glorification of my Lord and Master. And whatever my mistakes, and they are many, and my wanderings and failures, and they are countless, yet the love of Christ has constrained me, for I judged myself to have died in Him, and therefore I have lived to Him. I have fought a good fight. I have kept the faith.”
Why, I think it were worth while so to die. To be constrained by the love of Christ creates a heroic life, exalted, illustrious. No, I must come down from such lofty words—it is such a life as every Christian ought to live. It is such a life as every Christian must live if he is really constrained by the love of Christ, for the text does not say the love of Christ ought to constrain us, it declares that it does constrain us.
Conclusion
Men and brethren, if it does not constrain you, judge yourselves that you be not judged and found wanting at the last. God grant we may feel the love of God shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Spirit. Amen.